Part I: The Near East Before Islam

Psalmody Surat Al-Ikhlas

This is a silkscreen print by Ahmed Moustafa, which features layered and repeating calligraphic text of the Sūrat al-Ikhlāṣ, which expresses visual…

Al-Kaff al-Khadib

This term is translated into English to the stained hand, used to refer to the five-star constellation Cassiopeia. This is significant, as it shows…

Before the rise of Islam, Berkey contextualizes this time period as a landscape of deeply connected yet competing religions within the late antiquity…

Faithfulness and Sense of Honor

This story, and the specific section of text displayed in the screenshot file, are significant in that they show the existence of a multiplicity of…

Icon of Christ Pantocrator

This image is of an Icon (Religious Artwork) of Jesus Christ created in Egypt/the Near East in a time predating Islamic society. This Icon is…