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framework pt 3

This quote is important because it highlights the unique relationship between religious scholars (ulama) and political rulers during the Middle…

Jihad is an Arabic term meaning "struggle" or "striving" in the path of God. In Islamic discourse, it encompasses a variety of meanings, including…

framework 3

This quote is important because it highlights how the original, expansive vision of jihad as a universal and militant effort to spread Muslim rule was…