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                <text>Map of the Ottoman Empire</text>
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                <text>Map of the Ottoman Empire from the 17th century </text>
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                <text>1654</text>
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                <text>N. Sanson d'Abbeville. 1654. Map of the Ottoman Empire. Prints. Place: Seattle Art Museum, Eugene Fuller Memorial Collection. https://library.artstor.org/asset/AWSS35953_35953_41316188.</text>
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                <text>Ibn Khaldun</text>
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                <text>He’s known for contributing to historiography, sociology, economics, and demography studies. &#13;
&#13;
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                <text>30 lives</text>
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                <text>1332 CE- 1406 </text>
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                <text>Folio from a Qur'an</text>
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                <text>Page from the Qur'an</text>
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                <text>calligraphy page from the Qur'an</text>
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                <text>800s&#13;
Abbasid period </text>
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                <text>800s. &lt;!-- &lt;button class="sort"&gt;003&lt;/button&gt; --&gt;Folio from a Qur'an (verso), See all records within the &lt;A HREF=https://library.artstor.org/#/search/Part%20of%20a%20Set%20"1933.493";size=72;page=1;colId=100069507;sort=1&gt;set&lt;/A&gt;. Drawing. Place: &lt;a href='https://www.clevelandart.org/'&gt;The Cleveland Museum of Art&lt;/a&gt;, Cleveland, Ohio, USA, Collection: Islamic Art, Department: Islamic Art, Provenance: description: (Ananda K. Coomaraswamy [1877-1947] sold to the Cleveland Museum of Art);  date: ?-1933, description: The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH;  date: 1933-, Edward L. Whittemore Fund. https://library.artstor.org/asset/24586199.</text>
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                <text>Siyer-i Nebi of Darir, Volume IV; the Prophet's daughter, Fatima, and his wife Aisha.</text>
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                <text>The Prophet, his wife and his daughter  depicted holy and faceless surrounded by people</text>
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                <text>The Prophet, his wife and his daughter  depicted holy and faceless surrounded by people</text>
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                <text>1594-95, Istanbul, Turkey, Ottoman, Murad III period</text>
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                <text>written by Mustafa Darir; illustrated in part by Nakkas Hasan; copied by al-Vali; ordered by Murad III. 1594-95. Siyer-i Nebi of Darir, Volume IV; the Prophet's daughter, Fatima, and his wife Aisha, folio 22r.. Manuscripts and Manuscript Illuminations, Ottoman Turkish Painting. Place: Dublin, Chester Beatty Library, inv. 419. https://library.artstor.org/asset/ISLAMIC_DB_1039914013.</text>
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                <text>Muhammad's marriage to Khadijah (in recess) while proxy speaks her consent. from Turkish book ptg.</text>
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                <text>marriage of Muhammad to his first wife&#13;
women's faces are covered and a proxy speaks for her (faceless voiceless in this depiction) </text>
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                <text>7th century painting - depiction 632</text>
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                <text>7th C. Muhammad's marriage to Khadijah (in recess) while proxy speaks her consent. from Turkish book ptg. (date unknown). https://library.artstor.org/asset/ARTSTOR_103_41822001795705.</text>
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                <text>naked female form as decoration&#13;
 ideas of modesty and feminine form pre-islam Iran </text>
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naked female form as decoration</text>
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                <text> 4th-5th Century, Sasanian, Iran,</text>
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                <text>AD 300–500. Anahita Vessel. Metalwork. Place: &lt;a href='https://www.clevelandart.org/'&gt;The Cleveland Museum of Art&lt;/a&gt;, Cleveland, Ohio, USA, Collection: Near Eastern Art, Department: Egyptian and Ancient Near Eastern Art, Gallery: 102A Ancient Near East, Gift of Katharine Holden Thayer. https://library.artstor.org/asset/24609575.</text>
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                <text>Glossary term: Zindiq</text>
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                <text>While Zindiq refers to all non-believers and heretics, in chapter 10 Berky primarily uses the term to refer to Zoroastrians, whether that was indeed the most common use of the word or if that simply is the way the text presented it I am unsure. Perhaps this is due to the early muddling of Abrahamic religions, whereas Zoroastrianism was clearly defined as different, as well as having one of the most from relationships with the early Muslim expansion. </text>
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                <text>heresy", non-believer, non-muslim</text>
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                <text>The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600-1800,  CHAPTER 10 The non-Muslims of early Islam</text>
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                <text>Shows both the growing importance of the written word and the place calories had in government and important proceedings as well as symbolic of the spread of education. </text>
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                <text>in Islamic law, refers to a concise handbook of legal treatises, characterized by neatness and clarity&#13;
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                <text>The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600-1800,  CHAPTER 22 Modes of justice</text>
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                <text>Glossary term: Hiyal</text>
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                <text>"legalistic trickery" to allow jurists to circumvent some of the more restrictive doctrines of Islamic law, especially in the area of commercial practice. It also, came to refer to mechanical/automation like inventions,</text>
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                <text>The automatonic elephant clock is considered a due to the idea that it is a type of trickery, as it is tricking nature, this clock is a trick elephant. Hiyal can be used to describe automatons and machinery due to the idea that these things are a sort of false copy of nature in a similar way to the wordplay and legalese are tricks in the original context of Hiyal. </text>
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                <text>Abu'l Izz Isma'il al-Jazari , (Author),, Farkh ibn 'Abd al-Latif , (Copyist),. 715 A.H. / A.D. 1315. Detached folio from an illustrated manuscript, The Elephant Clock: Leaf from the Book of the Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices by al-Jazari. Books, Codex. Place: &lt;a href="https://www.metmuseum.org/"&gt;The Metropolitan Museum of Art&lt;/a&gt;. https://library.artstor.org/asset/AMICO_METRO_103826689.</text>
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                <text>Glossary term: Dhikr</text>
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                <text>Meaning “reminding oneself” or “mention”, the act of remembering the name of God, often associated with Sufism  </text>
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                <text> In Berky Dhikr is discussed in terms of mysticism and oral tradition. Interestingly the 2nd source is an image of a written page from the 15th century, perhaps indicating the shift from oral to written as being the transition of knowledge’s main form. </text>
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                <text>AD 1481 (Timurid)</text>
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                <text>The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600-1800, CHAPTER 24&#13;
Sufism: &#13;
&#13;
Author: Nizami Ganjavi (Azerbaijani, died 605 AH/AD 1209). 885-886 AH/AD 1481 (Timurid). Illustration: illuminated Incipit with Headpiece. illuminated manuscripts; folios (leaves). Place: The Walters Art Museum, Acquired by Henry Walters, W.604.26B, Henry Walters, Baltimore [date and mode of acquisition unknown]; Walters Art Museum, 1931, by bequest., http://thewalters.org. https://library.artstor.org/asset/AWALTERSIG_10313537061.</text>
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